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In Vivo CAR-T Therapy: The Transformational Leap Toward Affordable and Safer Cancer Immunotherapy

Leyang Liu
pp.524-535 DOI: 10.62051/88991486 October 11, 2025
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Abstract: In vivo CAR-T therapy is revolutionizing oncology since it entails modifying a patient's T cells in situ, as opposed to the costly and lengthy ex vivo manufacturing process usually associated with traditional CAR-T therapy. This revolutionary approach utilizes lipid nanoparticles (LNP) or engineered viral vectors (e.g., AAV/LV) to deliver CAR genetic payloads directly to endogenous T cells, greatly reducing production costs while bypassing complex logistics such as leukapheresis and cell shipment. More importantly, it can dramatically lower life-threatening toxicities; early trial data show cytokine release syndrome (CRS) compared with traditional CAR-T, with rapid deployment. By redirecting tissue-resident memory T cells to deliver payloads that counter-tolerize this target (e.g., IL-12, anti-PD-1), it overcame the immunosuppressive barrier created by solid tumor microenvironments, achieving approximately 80% complete remission in relapsed B-ALL. With lyophilized "off-the-shelf" LNPs providing worldwide access (even in resource-restricted settings), this paradigm shift could have turned CAR-T from a boutique therapy into a scalable, less expensive "living drug" that promises to democratize cancer care worldwide.
Keywords: Immunotherapy; Tumor, Autoimmune disease; CAR-T; invivo CAR-T.
APA Citation: Leyang Liu (2025). In Vivo CAR-T Therapy: The Transformational Leap Toward Affordable and Safer Cancer Immunotherapy. Transactions on Materials, Biotechnology and Life Sciences, 8(1), 524-535. https://doi.org/10.62051/88991486

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